CSS Glossary

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Abandonment - has many different meanings, for the purpose of this website Abandonment means the desertion of a vulnerable elder or dependent adult by anyone who has assumed the responsibility for care or custody of that person.

Abduction - The removal of and/or the restraint from returning to California, of any elder or dependent adult who does not have the capacity to consent to such removal or restraint.

Abuse of an elder or a dependent adult - With the exception of Nursing Home Abuse, if you suspect abuse you should make a report to APS through the Elder Abuse Hotline. (Please report Elder Abuse, call (877) 4-R-SENIORS ~ (877) 477-3646)

ACF: Administration for Children & Families; http://www.acf.hhs.gov/; The ACF, within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is responsible for federal programs that promote the economic and social well-being of families, children, individuals, and communities.

APA: The Administrative Procedure Act; http://biotech.law.lsu.edu/Courses/study_aids/adlaw/; of 1946 governs how administrative agencies of the U.S. Government can establish regulations. You will find more information on the Apa in the Wikipedia .

Adult - A person aged 18 years and older.

ADCRC: The Alzheimer's Day Care Resource Center program's primary purpose is to provide quality daycare for persons with dementia, while giving respite to their caregivers. In addition, the ADCRC program provides education and training for caregivers, professionals, interns, students and members of the community about Alzheimer's disease, as well as referral and support services to persons with dementia and their families and caregivers. For more information:
Common terms | Program Info | Fact Sheet | FAQs | Links: ( Reference | External )

ADLs: Activities of Daily Living is a term used in Home Based Care service that refers to assisting clients with, including but not limited to bathing, dressing, grooming, feeding and toileting.

Administrative Representation - (also Judicial Representation); Face to Face representation provided by an attorney to the older adult client before an administrative or judicial tribunal.

Adult Day Care Respite - A Home-Based Care service for frail older adults in one of the following settings: licensed Adult Day Health Care; licensed Adult Day Care; Alzheimer's Day Care Resource Center, to provide respite for a family caregiver.

Adjudicative - is the legal process by which an arbiter or judge reviews evidence and augmentation including legal reasoning set forth by opposing parties or litigants to come to a decision which determines rights and obligations between the parties involved in a dispute.

AHRQ: Agency for Healthcare Research & Quality; http://www.ahrq.gov/; to improve the quality, safety, efficiency, and effectiveness of health care for all Americans.

Alzheimer's - is characterized by decreased memory, reasoning and the ability to care for oneself. All of these make it more difficult for an individual to care for themselves. See the Alzheimer's Day Care Resource Center (ADCRC) summary for more information.

ADEAR; Alzheimer's Disease Education & Referral Center; http://www.nia.nih.gov/; U.S. National Institutes of Health; National Institute on Aging's Alzheimer's Disease Resource & Referral Center. Search for the following on the ADEAR website:

• http://www.nia.nih.gov/Alzheimers/AlzheimersInformation/AboutUs.htm; About Us: ADEAR
• http://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers; "Leading the Federal effort on Aging Research" through research, clinical trials and links to other Federal resources."
• http://www.nia.nih.gov/Alzheimers/Publications/WhatHappensNext.htm; "What Happens Next" (html version); "What Happens Next" ; ( PDF version);
• http://www.nia.nih.gov/Alzheimers/Publications/UnderstandingAD/; Understanding Alzheimer's Disease.
• http://www.nia.nih.gov/Alzheimers/ResearchInformation/Newsletter/; ADEAR's CONNECTIONS newsletter for health professionals.

AOA: Administration on Aging; http://www.aoa.gov; The Administration on Aging funds the largest U.S. community nutrition program for older persons, and works closely with its network of state and area agencies on aging, tribal organizations and service providers to provide adequate nutrition for the elderly. In addition to Nutrition information you will find information on Alzheimer's; Senior Medicare Patrols; the Eldercare Locator. Information that can be found on the AoA website:

• Grants; http://www.grants.gov/; Grant information.
• Statistics on Older Americans; http://www.aoa.gov/prof/Statistics/statistics.asp.
• Aging Network Resource; http://www.aoa.gov/prof/agingnet/agingnet.asp.
• About the Older Americans Act; http://www.aoa.gov/about/legbudg/oaa/legbudg_oaa.asp;
• Search for "Together We Make A Difference" in the AOA's Alzheimer's Resource Room. Whether you are a family member, a caregiver or a professional working with individuals with Alzheimer's, the Resource Room will have information that you will find invaluable.

APS: Adult Protective Services; Mandated by the State of California, APS is a 24-hour service program designed to investigate all reported at-risk situations without regard to income involving the elderly 65 or older and dependent adults (18-64 who are physically or mentally impaired). Types of referrals include physical, sexual or financial abuse, isolation, neglect, or self-neglect. Referrals are received through the Elder Abuse Hotline or from other entities. For more information:
Common terms | Program Info | Fact Sheet | FAQs | Links: ( Reference | External )

Arbiter or Arbitrator - neutral person helping two parties to come to an agreement and resolve a difference or dispute between them. An Arbiter gathers, hears and reviews evidence from opposing parties in order to help them come to a decision and resolve their dispute.

Arbitration - is a legal means for resolving a dispute outside of the court system. Arbitration is a voluntary adjudicative process in which a neutral person conducts a hearing, receives spoken and/or written evidence from the disputants and their witnesses, and renders a decision that may be binding or nonbinding depending on the consent of the disputants. The parties in dispute agree to refer to one or more people, known as the arbitrators, and agree to be bound by their decision. In California there are two kinds of arbitration: Private Arbitration and Judicial Arbitration. If one of the parties does not like the award, they may file a request for trial with the court. There is a time frame in which this filing must occur. If that party does not do better in the trial than in arbitration, they may have to pay a penalty. This is one of many forms of mediation whereby disputes may be settled. Other forms of mediation are conciliation, and facilitation.

AAA: Area Agency of Aging; Established in 1975 by the State of California, the AAA is a separate division within the Aging and Adult Services Branch. It is responsible for identifying unmet needs as well as planning, coordinating and implementing programs that promote the health, dignity and well-being of our older residents. The AAA contracts with 49 community agencies to deliver services that promote independent lifestyles. These services include senior lunch and home-delivered meals nutrition programs, care management and home based care. For more information:
Common terms | Program Info | FAQs | Links: ( Reference | External )

AAA Network Providers - The Area Agency on Aging (AAA) contracts with 49 community agencies to deliver services that promote independent lifestyles. The 49 community agencies and the AAA are the AAA Network Providers.

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Brief Services - A HICAP Core Service; Brief Services includes in-home consultation with homebound clients.

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California State Bar; http://www.calbar.ca.gov/; also known as The State Bar of California was "created by the state legislature in 1927, the State Bar is a public corporation within the judicial branch of government, serving as an arm of the California Supreme Court. All State Bar members are officers of the court" - from the State Bar of California website, January 24, 2008.

CCR: California Code of Regulations; http://www.oal.ca.gov/ccr.htm; "is the official compilation and publication of the regulations adopted, amended or repealed by the state agencies pursuant to the Administrative Procedure Act (APA). All regulations compiled in the CCR are filed with the Secretary of State (California) and have the full force of the law behind them.

Care Custodian - An individual entrusted with the care and maintenance of another person.

Caregiver - Anyone who provides care (medical, mental or spiritual) to another individual. See also Family Caregiver.

Caregiver Education - Instruction, training or study of those who care for someone who is sick, disabled, or otherwise unable to care for themselves.

Caregiver Training - Conduct training workshops and conferences that provide family caregivers with the tools to increase their self care and their ability and confidence to handle difficult situations, emotions, and decisions.

Care Planning - A specific project or definite purpose in regards to those in need of attentive assistance or treatment.

Case Monitoring - is where an individual, group or agency assists in the creation, implementation and monitoring of a plan of care for an individual.

CDA: California Department of Aging; http://www.aging.ca.gov; serves as both a unifying force for services to seniors and adults with disabilities and as a focal point for federal, state and local agencies which serve the elderly and adults with disabilities in California. It fulfills the goals outlined in the Older Americans Act and also acts as an advocate for seniors and adults with disabilities by striving to develop an environment which respects and values the state's older residents and adults with disabilities.

As the designated State Unit on Aging, the California Department of Aging is part of the California Health and Human Services Agency (CHHS). The Department administers Older Americans Act programs for supportive services, home based care services, congregate and home-delivered meals and a system of multipurpose senior centers. It also administers the program for community service employment; programs for advocacy and protection; and programs which provide health insurance counseling, case management, Alzheimer's Day Care Resource Center, Adult Day Care, and Health & Wellbeing. Further, it performs a wide range of functions related to advocacy, planning, coordination, inter-agency linkages, information sharing, brokering, monitoring and evaluation. In its activities, the Department works closely with private and public sector aging advocates.

The California Department of Aging administers nutrition services funded by the federal Older Americans Act and state general fund dollars through the network of Area Agencies on Aging and their service providers. They serve Californians 60 years of age or older, with preference given to those in greatest economic or social need and to low-income multi-ethnic individuals. Participants are provided an opportunity to contribute to the cost of the meal. Meals must meet nutritional standards by providing a minimum of one-third of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA).

Search for the following on the CDA website; http://www.aging.ca.gov:

• In the CDA's Alzheimer's Day Care Resource Center (ADCRC); search for "a positive experience and care for persons with Alzheimer's disease and other dementia.

CDC: Centers for Disease Control & Prevention; http://www.cdc.gov/; "to promote health and quality of life by preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability."

CNPP: Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion; http://www.cnpp.usda.gov; is responsible for improving the nutrition and well-being of Americans; The USDA Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP) works to improve the health and well-being of Americans by developing and promoting dietary guidance that links scientific research to the nutrition needs of consumers. CNPP is an agency of United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).

CDSS: California Department of Social Services; http://www.cdss.ca.gov/cdssweb/; "to serve, aid, and protect needy and vulnerable children and adults in ways that strengthen and preserve families, encourage personal responsibility, and foster independence."

CHSS: California Health and Human Services Agency (CHHS); http://www.chhs.ca.gov/Pages/default.aspx; is the State Agency responsible for administering state and federal programs for health care, social services, public assistance and rehabilitation.

Client Rights Advocate - Ensures the rights of people with developmental disabilities. Provides information and training to assist residential and health providers in understanding their responsibilities. Investigates and facilitates resolution of all complaints of violation, withholding or denial or rights made by or on behalf of clients. Makes recommendations for resolution to appropriate parties. Provides referrals to legal agencies and/or attorneys who can assist in enforcing their legal rights that have been violated.

CMS: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services; http://www.cms.hhs.gov/; The CMS is the official repository for information on Medicare and Medicaid. The Medicare and Medicaid programs were signed into law on July 30, 1965 by President LBJ and was attended by former President Truman. More History can be found here care of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).

Cognitive - refers to thinking and reasoning ability. A person that is experiencing cognitive issues will seem forgetful, absent minded and will have difficulty completing tasks that in the past were simple for them to perform. See Alzheimer's disease for more information.

Common Terms - Any term that is used in reference to that program or service is considered a common term for that program or service. When you see the phrases, common terms and common glossary terms it will appear next to the name of a program or service. If you select this link, you will see common terms for that specific program or service. These terms will give you additional information and insight into the program or service being researched. You will also find helpful reference and other external links about the program or service in the program summaries.

Community Centers - There are 4 senior centers and 10 community centers operated by Community & Senior Services in and around Los Angeles County. See the Community & Senior Centers main page for more information.
Common terms | Centers Main page | FAQs | Links: ( Reference | External )

Community Education - Educational presentations to groups of caregivers (and potential caregivers, family, and friends of caregivers) about available services.

Community Legal Education - Legal counseling and information sessions provided once a month at a designated senior center site and other appropriate locations in the community.

CSS: Community and Senior Services Department; http://www.ladcss.org; of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California. The Official Website!

Companion Care - (also Supervision Respite) This Home Based Care service provides companion care and/or protective supervision of frail elderly in the home while the family caregiver is temporarily absent.

Companionship - The state of being with someone.

Conciliation - is a process of independent communications between the disputants and a neutral person over the phone. Conciliation is a process used in an attempt to resolve disputes outside of the court system. Conciliation is only one of many forms of mediation whereby disputes may be settled. Other forms of mediation are Arbitration and facilitation. Agreement is reached through compromise and the parties are free to accept or to reject the decision. The conciliation only becomes legally binding if all parties agree to the decision.

Conflict of Interest - someone who experiences a conflict of interest cannot be unbiased and is not considered to be Neutral

Conflict Resolution - refers to the broader category of techniques for promoting agreement or a mutual understanding between individuals or groups.

Congregate Meals Program: Congregate Meals meeting CNPP's Dietary Guidelines for Americans are offered to mobile older adults at 107 meal sites such as senior centers or parks throughout Los Angeles County. The meals are provided by 22 contracted service providers. In many cases, these lunches represent the only social outlet for those in attendance. They are asked to make a nominal donation for the meals, though it is not required. For more information:
Common terms | Program Info | Fact Sheet | FAQs | Links: ( Reference | External )

Congregate Site Monitoring - To assemble a means of observing and recording a certain location.

Complainant - or Plaintiff is a person who brings an action in a court of law. A Plaintiff brings a lawsuit against an entity.

Conservator - One that conserves or preserves from injury, violation, or infraction. A protector.

Contact - When you see the phrases Contact it will appear next to the name of a program or service. If you select this link, you will see the Contact information for that specific program or service.

Contact Information - The contact information for each program and service appears on the program page, normally near the bottom of the page. You will find the name of the contact for that program or service, their email address and a phone number.

CR - stands for Continuing Resolution. The AoA distributes funds under a continuing resolution (CRs) of Federal Fiscal Year; the USDA provides SUAs and Indian Tribal Organizations (ITOs) with two distributions of funds totaling about 39 percent of the available grant funds each federal fiscal year.

Counseling - means to advise, give advice, consult, exchange information and ideas.

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DASS: DASS (Dietary Administrative Support Services) which contracts with Consulting Nutritional Services to provide centralized dietary services and oversight at food production locations with AAA nutrition services providers. This provides compliance with menu development, food production, safety and sanitation. For more information:
Common terms | Program Info | Fact Sheet | FAQs | Links: ( Reference | External )

DASS Service Provider - A County contractor, Consulting Nutritional Services, a private, for-profit agency.

Day Care Participants - those who are in the moderate to severe stages of Alzheimer's disease or related disorders, whose care needs and behavioral problems make it difficult for them to participate in other care programs.

Decision - of a court, a mediator or arbitrator for two parties in a dispute, also called an award.

DPSS: Department of Public Social Services; http://dpss.lacounty.gov/; "The Department of Public Social Services (DPSS) serves an ethnically and culturally diverse community through programs designed to both alleviate hardship and promote health, personal responsibility, and economic independence." from the DPSS website circa January 2008.

Dependent - A person, often a child or spouse, who relies on someone else for financial support. Any natural or legally adopted child residing at the same residence as injured employee who is under the age of 18. Any child certified as legally handicapped over the age of 18.

Dependent Adult - individuals who are 18 - 64 years of age, and need care. Dependent Adult definition per Welf & I C 15610.23.

Dementia - To properly diagnosis dementia you must obtain a complete medical and neuropsychological evaluation. First you must determine if there is a cognitive problem and the severity of the cognitive problem. Next the cause must be determined so that proper treatment can be pursued and proper planning by both the patient and the caregiver be made for the future.

Dietary Guidelines for Americans; http://www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/dga2005/document/default.htm; Eating right and being physically active aren't just a "diet" or a "program" — they are keys to a healthy lifestyle. With healthful habits, you may reduce your risk of many chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, and certain cancers, and increase your chances for a longer life.

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans has been published jointly every 5 years since 1980 by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The Guidelines provide authoritative advice for people two years and older about how good dietary habits can promote health and reduce risk for major chronic diseases. They serve as the basis for Federal food and nutrition education programs.

Disputant - someone who is engaged in a dispute, argument or controversy. Once someone is accused, they may choose to dispute the facts given by the accuser. Both the accused and the defendant are disputants. A dispute is simply a disagreement or argument between two entities.

Dispute Resolution Program - In California, this program was created when the California Legislature passed the Dispute Resolution Programs Act (Business and Professional Code Sections 465, et seq.) in 1986. The DRPA provided, at each County's option, the establishment and funding of local Dispute Resolution Programs. For more information:
Common terms | Program Info | FAQs | Links: ( Reference | External )

Dispute Resolution Program Act - was passed by the California Legislature in 1986. The Dispute Resolution Program Act provided, at each County's option, the establishment and funding of local Dispute Resolution Programs. The purpose of the Act is to encourage the use of Dispute Resolution Services as an alternative to formal court proceedings.

Dispute - a disagreement between two or more persons or entities.

Domestic Violence (DV): has different legal definitions in different states. The NCPEA defines Domestic Violence as, "an escalating pattern of violence or intimidation by an intimate partner, which is used to gain power and control." The federal definitions appeared for the first time in 1987 as Amendments to the Older Americans Act. For more information:
Common terms | Program Info | FAQs | Links: ( Reference | External )

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Elder - Just as with the term Senior, to be elderly, is defined differently in different parts of the world. In the United States, Americans started to think of the age of 65 as the beginning of old age because that use to be the age that an individual became eligible for full Social Security benefits. And people in the 65-and-over age group are often called senior citizens. It must be noted that in 2003, the age at which an American citizen becomes eligible for full Social Security benefits began to increase and will continue to increase until 2027, when the age of eligibility for full Social Security benefits will finally reach 67. Elderly definition per Welf & I C 15610.27.

Elder Abuse - Elder abuse takes many forms. Types of referrals include physical, sexual or financial abuse, isolation, neglect, or self-neglect. Referrals are received through the Elder Abuse Hotline or from other entities. If you suspect elder abuse, please call the Elder Abuse Hotline! Situations could involve elders (65 or older) and/or dependent adults (18-64 and physically or mentally impaired) who are reported to be endangered. For more information:
Common terms | Program Info | Fact Sheet | FAQs | Links: ( Reference | External )

Elder Abuse Hotline - (877) 4-R-SENIORS ~ (877) 477-3646 is the phone number to call if you suspect neglect or abuse. The number is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. You MUST call this number as this website is not equipped to take such reports. The Elder Abuse Hotline should NOT be used to report Nursing Home Abuse, Neglect or Fraud. When abuse, neglect or fraud occur in a Nursing Home or any licensed board and care facilities it should be referred to the Ombudsman Program.

Elder Care - Providing care to the elderly. Elder Care refers to many facets of managing the lifestyles of the senior population. See the program for the Elder Care services provided to the elderly of Los Angeles County. For more information:
Common terms | Program Info | FAQs | Links: ( Reference | External )

ENHANCE: ENHANCE (Effective Nutritional Health Assessment and Networks of Care for the Elderly) managed by Food and Nutrition Management Services, Inc. For more information:
Common terms | Program Info | Fact Sheet | FAQs | Links: ( Reference | External )

Enhance Service Provider - A County contractor, Food and Nutrition Management Service, Inc., a private, for-profit agency provides project services.

Ethnic Meals - Food prepared with regards to cultural, racial, religious, or linguistic traditions of a people or country.

Exploitation - the illegal or improper use of an individual or the individual's property and resources without permission. While normally one person exploits another for monetary gain, they may also exploit another to gain a non-monetary advantage over them.

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Facilitate - to guide a discussion between affected participants in order to get all parties involved in reaching an agreement. See facilitation below.

Facilitation - uses an individual, known as a facilitator who guides the discussion between affected participants in order to get all parties involved in reaching an agreement. Facilitation is one of many forms of mediation whereby disputes may be settled. Other forms of mediation are arbitration, and conciliation.

Family Caregiver Program - Family Caregivers provide almost 80% of all care needed by frail elderly relatives. For more information: Common terms | Program Info | Fact Sheet | FAQs | Links: ( Reference | External )

FDA: U.S. Food and Drug Administration; http://www.fda.gov/opacom/hpview.html; Protecting and Promoting the Public Health: FDA's Mission Statement: "The FDA is responsible for protecting the public health by assuring the safety, efficacy, and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, medical devices, our nation’s food supply, cosmetics, and products that emit radiation. The FDA is also responsible for advancing the public health by helping to speed innovations that make medicines and foods more effective, safer, and more affordable; and helping the public get the accurate, science-based information they need to use medicines and foods to improve their health."

Financial Abuse - 1) Taking, secreting, appropriating, or retaining real or personal property of an elder or dependent adult for a wrongful use, or with intent to defraud; 2) Assisting in 1) above.; 3) Taking money or property, forging an older person's signature, getting an older person to sign a deed, will or power of attorney through deception, coercion or influence. Using an older person's property or possessions without permission. Promising care in exchange for money or property and not following through. Confidence crimes, scams, fraud, telemarketing scams, or other acts done under false pretense for financial gain. (back to APS)

Possible Indicators of Financial Abuse are

• Unusual interest in the amount of money being expended for the care of the older person, concern that too much is being spent
• Recent acquaintances expressing gushy, undying affection for a wealthy older person
• Recent change of title of house in favor of a “friend” when the older person is incapable of understanding the nature of the transaction
• Recent will when the person is clearly incapable of making a will
• Caretaker asks only financial questions of the worker, does not ask care questions
• Placement not commensurate with alleged size of the estate
• Lack of amenities, i.e., TV, personal grooming items, appropriate clothing when the estate can well afford it

Types of Financial Abuse

• Typically less than $1,000 per transaction
• Stealing/misuse of funds
• "Borrowing" money and not paying it back
• Wiring money
• Signing and cashing checks without permission
• Unauthorized credit card use
• ATM abuses
• More complex, involving documents
  • Coercing or deceiving someone to sign (will, trust, contract, Power of Attorney)
  • Forging signatures
  • Improper use of authority (Power of Attorney, convservatorship)
  • Establishing credit accounts and loans
  • Real estate transactions (transfer of title, refinancing, equity lines)
  • Identity theft
  • International lotteries
  • Advance “claim fees” tied to inheritances/sweepstakes
  • “Home repair” and unsolicited work
  • Predatory lending scams
  • Fictitious relative scams
  • Bogus charitable donations
  • Sweetheart scams aimed at widows/widowers

FQHC: Federally Qualified Health Centers; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FQHC; A facility located in a medically underserved area that provides Medicare beneficiaries preventive primary medical care under the general supervision of a physician. These health centers have been approved by the government for a program to give low cost health care. Medicare pays for some health services in FQHCs that are not usually covered, like preventive care. FQHCs include community health centers, tribal health clinics, migrant health services, and health centers for the homeless.

Frail - having delicate health; fragile or weak.

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Government Grants - Use the Grants.gov website to FIND and APPLY for federal government grants. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services is the managing partner of Grants.gov.

Group Facilitation - is the use of neutral skills to facilitate groups of person involved in an issue or issues of conflict. Grants.gov website to FIND and APPLY for federal government grants. The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is the managing partner of Grants.gov.

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Health Practitioner - One who practices medicine. Per Welfare and Institutions Code (WIC) 15610.37: "Health Practitioner" means a physician and surgeon, psychiatrist, psychologist, dentist, resident, intern, podiatrist, chiropractor, licensed nurse, dental hygienist, licensed clinical social worker or associate clinical social worker, marriage, family, and child counselor, or any other person who is currently licensed under Division 2 (commencing with Section 500) of the Business and Professions Code, any emergency medical technician I or II, paramedic, or person certified pursuant to Division 2.5 (commencing with Section 1797) of the Health and Safety Code, a psychological assistant registered pursuant to Section 2913 of the Business and Professions Code, a marriage, family, and child counselor trainee, as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 4980.03 of the Business and Professions Code, or an unlicensed marriage, family, and child counselor intern registered under Section 4980.44 of the Business and Professions Code, state or county public health or social service employee who treats an elder or a dependent adult for any condition, or a coroner. [Amended 2003 ch. 62.]

HHS: Department of Health and Human Services; http://www.hhs.gov/; authorized and commissioned by Congress in 1992 to evaluate the Older Americans Act nutrition programs in order to assess its impact, effectiveness and efficiency. This was the first time since 1983 that the OAA nutrition programs were evaluated. It was the first time the nutrition programs for Native American elders have ever been evaluated. The evaluation, “Serving Elders at Risk, the Older Americans Act Nutrition Programs, National Evaluation of the Elderly Nutrition Program, 1993 – 1995” was conducted by Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. in conjunction with the University of Minnesota. (link to Press Release 7/31/96; see 7 Key Findings)

HHS Poverty Guidelines - The HHS Poverty Guidelines are sometimes referred to as the federal poverty level (FPL), but that phrase is ambiguous and should be avoided, especially in situations (e.g., legislative or administrative) where precision is important. There are two different versions of the federal poverty measure:

• The poverty thresholds, and
• The poverty guidelines

The poverty thresholds "are the original version of the federal poverty measure. They are updated each year by the Census Bureau". "The thresholds are used mainly for statistical purposes. All official poverty population figures are calculated using the poverty thresholds, not the guidelines" - The U.S. Census Bureau. See How the Census Bureau Measures Poverty on the U.S. Census Bureau website.

The poverty guidelines "are the other version of the federal poverty measure. They are issued each year in the Federal Register by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The guidelines are a simplification of the poverty thresholds for use for administrative purposes - for instance, determining financial eligibility for certain federal programs." - The U.S. Census Bureau. See Poverty Guidelines, Federal Register Notice on the U.S. Census Bureau website.

2008 HHS Poverty Guidelines

HICAP - The Health Insurance Counseling and Advocacy Program is a volunteer supported program that provides community education and counseling assistance with Medicare and related health insurance issues through informal advocacy or legal representation. For more information:
Common terms | Program Info | Fact Sheet | FAQs | Links: ( Reference | External )

Hill-Burton: Hill-Burton Free and Reduced Cost Health Care; http://www.hrsa.gov/hillburton/; In 1946, Congress passed a law that gave hospitals, nursing homes and other health facilities grants and loans for construction and modernization. In return, they agreed to provide a reasonable volume of services to persons unable to pay and to make their services available to all persons residing in the facility’s area. The program stopped providing funds in 1997, but about 300 health care facilities nationwide are still obligated to provide free or reduced-cost care. You are eligible to apply for Hill-Burton free care if your income is at or below the current HHS Poverty Guidelines. You may be eligible for Hill-Burton reduced-cost care if your income is as much as two times (triple for nursing home care) the HHS Poverty Guidelines. Care at a Hill-Burton obligated facility is not

Homebound - Some one who is unable to leave their home, for whatever reason is said to be Homebound. See also, Home Based Care Program

Home Based Care Program - The Home Based Care Program uses an integrated approach to funding the provision of in home services such as personal care, homemaking and companionship, as well as a worker registry service, to assist functionally older adults (aged 60+) to maintain independent living and to support caregivers in their care giving role. In addition, the Home Based Care Program provides respite for caregivers of older adults and limited respite for older adults caring for minor children. For more information: Common terms | Program Info | Fact Sheet | FAQs | Links: ( Reference | External )

Home Delivered Meals Program: The Home Delivered Meals Program is designed specifically for home-bound individuals. For more information: Common terms | Program Info | Fact Sheet | FAQs | Links: ( Reference | External )

HRSA: Health Resource & Services Administration; http://www.hrsa.gov/; "The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), an agency of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, is the primary Federal agency for improving access to health care services for people who are uninsured, isolated or medically vulnerable."

H.R.: House of Representatives; house; abbreviation for the House of Representatives of the United States of America. H.R. is attached to all Laws enacted by an assembled Congress and is normally enclosed in brackets []. Each year a new Congress is 'seated' or 'assembled'. The 105th Congress was seated for the 1998 Congressional term. The 105th Congress enacted into Law the Workforce Investment Act of 1998.

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Independent Living - An arrangement for disabled or elderly persons with special needs, usually in their own home, to afford them as much independence and autonomy as possible.

Indicators of Family/Caregiver Abuse - The following indicators do not signify abuse or neglect per se. They can be clues, however, and thus helpful in assessing if either Family Abuse or Caregiver Abuse is occurring: (back to APS)

Indicators From the Family/Caregiver

• The older client may not be given the opportunity to speak for him or herself, or to see others without the presence of the caregiver/suspected abuser
• Obvious absence of assistance, attitudes of indifference, or anger toward the dependent person
• Family member or caregiver “blames” the client (e.g., accusation that incontinence is a deliberate act)
• Aggressive behavior (threats, insults, harassment)
• Previous history of abuse to others
• Problems with alcohol or drugs
• Flirtations, coyness, etc., as indicators of possible inappropriate sexual relationship
• Social isolation of family, or isolation or restriction of activity of the older adult within the family
• Conflicting accounts of incidents by the family, supporters & victim
• Unwillingness or reluctance to comply with service providers in planning for care and implementation
• Withholding of security and affection

Physical Indicators of Abuse - The following indicators do not signify abuse or neglect per se. They can be clues, however, and thus helpful in assessing the client's situation: (back to APS)

Physical Indicators of Abuse

• Injury that has not been cared for properly
• Any injury incompatible with history
• Pain on touching
• Cuts, lacerations, puncture wounds
• Bruises, welts, discoloration
• Bilaterally on upper arms
• Clustered on trunk, but may be evident over any area of the body.
• Morphologically similar to object

Home Based Care - See Home Based Care above.

In-Home Assessment - The act of judging or assessing a person or situation from their home as opposed to an alternate location.

Institutionalization - The act of placing or confining an individual to an institution. Especially one who is unable to care for themselves due to poor health or mental illness.

Integrated approach - To make overtures in combining or coordinating separate elements to provide a harmonious whole.

Integrated Care Management - The Integrated Care Management Program provides comprehensive, long-term services that utilize the care manager's professional skills and competence to serve and link clients with a full range of appropriate services, utilizing all available informal supports and funding sources. For more information:
Common terms | Program Info | Fact Sheet | FAQs | Links: ( Reference | External )

InterGovernmental Relations - advises the Director of Community and Senior Services (CSS) and reports on Legislative Activities at the Los Angeles County Commission on Aging public meetings that are held monthly.

Isolation - The act of systematic exclusion of a victim from all real outside contact.

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Judicial Representation - ( also Administrative Representation); Face to Face representation provided by an attorney to the older adult client before an administrative or judicial tribunal.

Judicial Arbitration - is when an arbitrator reaches a decision on a case referred by the courts. The decision is not binding unless both parties agree to be bound. If a party does not like the decision, they can file a request for trial with the court. There is a time frame in which a request for trial must be filed. If the filing party does not do better in trial than in arbitration, the court may assign penalties.

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KML - Keyhole Markup Language is used to store and model the maps used by Google Earth. These maps consist of geographic features, roads, images, polygons and allow the map to be manipulated to show a variety of perspectives.

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Law - a rule of conduct or procedure established by custom, agreement, or authority; a collection of rules imposed by an authority on the public; a piece of enacted legislation (Congress enacted a Law).

Legal Assistance - see Traditional Legal Assistance.

Legal Representation - A HICAP Core Service; Legal Representation of older adults' clients in a Medicare administrative hearing, collection action or other complex Medicare program. See also Traditional Legal Assistance.

Linkages - A connection(s).

Litigants - A party or entity engaged in a lawsuit. Plaintiffs and defendants are both litigants.

Long Term - Covering a relatively lengthy period of time.

LTCO - Long Term Care Ombudsman

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Mandated Reporters - Mandated reporters include persons who have assumed full or intermittent responsibility for the care or custody of an elder or dependent adult, whether or not they are compensated for their services. Mandated reporters include, care custodians, health practitioners, clergy members, employees of county adult protective services agencies and local law enforcement agencies, employees of financial institutions (as of 1/2007).

Mediator - A Neutral Third party that helps, facilitates and negotiates a disagreement between parties. A Mediator tries to help all parties in a dispute reach a mutually agreeable understanding of the issues. The desired outcome of a mediation is a permanent resolution without involving the courts. This saves the parties and taxpayers time and money.

Mediation - is a process in which a neutral person(s) facilitates communication between the disputants to assist them in reaching a reconciliation. The Mediator does not decide how the dispute is to be resolved, the parties involved decide. The Mediator only assists the parties in reaching an agreement. Mediation is one of many forms of mediation whereby disputes may be settled. Other forms of mediation are Arbitration, Conciliation, and facilitation.

Medicare - The Medicare and Medicaid programs were signed into law on July 30, 1965 by President LBJ and was attended by former President Truman. More History can be found here The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) is the official repository for information on Medicare and Medicaid.

Mental Incompetent - Someone whose mind has deteriorated so badly that they can no longer be counted on to protect themselves, others or to know right from wrong.

MyPyramid Tracker; http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/MyPyramidTracker.htm; is an online dietary and physical activity assessment tool that provides information on your diet quality, physical activity status, related nutrition messages, and links to nutrient and physical activity information. The MyPyramid Tracker is based on the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and other nutritional standards.

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NASUA: National Association of State Units on Aging; http://www.nasua.org/; Founded in 1964, the National Association of State Units on Aging (NASUA) is a non-profit association representing the nation's 56 officially designated state and territorial agencies on aging. The mission of the Association is to advance social, health, and economic policies responsive to the needs of a diverse aging population and to enhance the capacity of its membership to promote the rights, dignity and independence of, and expand opportunities and resources for, current and future generations of older persons, adults with disabilities and their families.

• Find NASUA members; http://www.nasua.org/SUAMembers.cfm; Use to find Agencies in each state.

NAWB: National Association of Workforce Boards (NAWB); http://www.nawb.org/; "The National Association of Workforce Boards (NAWB) is the leading workforce association that represents the nation's nearly 650 business-led Workforce Investment Boards (WIBs) and also serves other associated organizations in the workforce industry with one common goal: Helping America Work"

NCEA: National Center on Elder Abuse; http://www.ncea.aoa.gov/ncearoot/Main_Site/index.aspx; is funded by Congress and serves as the Nation's Resource Center for " elder abuse, neglect and exploitation". The NCEA is "a valuable resource" for Adult Protective Services; "national, state and local aging networks; law enforcement; health care professionals; domestic violence networks; and others." The NCEA was established by the Administration on Aging (AoA) and consists of the following partners:

• National Committee for the Prevention of Elder Abuse (NCPEA)
• National Adult Protective Services Association (NAPSA)
• National Association of State Units on Aging (NASUA)
• American Bar Association Commission on Law and Aging (ABA)
• American Public Welfare Association (APWA)
• Institute on Aging (AOA)
• University of Delaware (UD)

NCPEA: National Committee for the Prevention of Elder Abuse; http://www.preventelderabuse.org/index.html; is "an association of researchers, practitioners, educators, and advocates dedicated to protecting the safety, security and dignity of America's most vulnerable citizens. The Committee is one of six partners that make up the National Center on Elder Abuse. The mission of NCPEA is to prevent abuse, neglect, and exploitation of older persons and adults with disabilities through research, advocacy, public and professional awareness, interdisciplinary exchange, and coalition building."

• NCPEA: National Committee for the Prevention of Elder Abuse; http://www.preventelderabuse.org/elderabuse/domestic.html; The National Committee for the Prevention of Elder Abuse (NCPEA) web page on Domestic Violence.

NFCSA - National Family Caregiver Support Act: "HHS Secretary Tommy G. Thompson today approved the release of $113 million in grants to states under the new National Family Caregiver Support Program, which helps family members provide care for the elderly at home." See NFCSP for the five categories of services earmarked. Important reference information:

• HHS Launches National Family Caregiver Program; http://www.hhs.gov/news/press/2001pres/20010215.html; "release of $113 million...grants will be used by states to run programs that provide critical support, including home and community-based services, to help families maintain their caregiver roles. It is the largest new support program under the Older Americans Act since 1972, when Congress established nutritional programs to serve the elderly."
• About the National Family Caregiver Support Program (NFCSP); http://www.aoa.gov/prof/aoaprog/caregiver/overview/overview_caregiver.asp; "The enactment of the Older Americans Act Amendments of 2000 (Public Law 106-501) ." "The NFCSP received a congressional appropriation of $125 million in fiscal year 2001; $141.5 million in fiscal year 2002; and $155.2 million in fiscal year 2003."
• SB 739 (Enacted 2001): Required the California Department of Aging to establish guidelines for the use of National Family Caregiver Support Program funds to ensure the quality of services provided with those funds.
• AB 464 Chapter 105 (Enacted 2003): Prohibits adult day health centers from requiring family members to assist participants with activities of daily living while at the center.
• NASUA's Family Caregiver Support: State Facts at a Glance; http://www.nasua.org/familycaregiver/statefacts.htm; "information about family caregivers of older Americans and the state-level programs that serve them."
• California's Family Caregiver Support: Facts at a Glance; http://www.nasua.org/familycaregiver/pdf/sf-ca.pdf; "information about family caregivers of older Americans and the state-level programs that serve them."

NIH: National Institutes of Health; http://www.nih.gov/; The Nation's Medical Research Agency' The National Institutes of Health (NIH), a part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, is the primary Federal agency for conducting and supporting medical research. Helping to lead the way toward important medical discoveries that improve people's health and save lives, NIH scientists investigate ways to prevent disease as well as the causes, treatments, and even cures for common and rare diseases. Composed of 27 Institutes and Centers, the NIH provides leadership and financial support to researchers in every state and throughout the world. For over a century, the National Institutes of Health has played an important role in improving the health of the nation. The NIH traces its roots to 1887 with the creation of the Laboratory of Hygiene at the Marine Hospital in Staten Island, NY.

• Medline Plus's Domestic Violence page; http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/domesticviolence.html; (Domestic Violence) A service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health.

Neglect - A person's intentional failure to fulfill a care giving obligation needed to maintain an elder or dependent adult's health and wellbeing.

Neutral - A neutral person or entity is said to be neutral when they do not have an interest in the topic of discussion or the issue being mediated. Also see Neutral Third Party below.

Neutral Third Party - A Third Party is one additional individual, a neutral person or entity. The Third Party is said to be neutral when they do not have an interest in the topic of discussion or the issue being mediated. A Neutral Third Party does not have a vested interest in the outcome of the mediation and therefore is said to be neutral. For more information see mediation.

NIDDK: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; http://win.niddk.nih.gov/statistics/index.htm; The NIDDK provides information on Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney diseases and how to avoid these problem. The NIDDK is sponsored by both the National Institutes of Health and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services of the United States. NIDDK provides risk factors, information and statistics related to Overweight and Obesity in America. In addition to the Body Mass Index (BMI) Table, you will find information on prevention and the economic costs related to overweight and obesity in the United States. From their website, "About two-thirds of adults in the United States are overweight, and almost one-third are obese, according to data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001 to 2004. This fact sheet presents statistics on the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, as well as the health risks, mortality rates, and economic costs associated with these conditions. To understand these statistics, it is necessary to know how overweight and obesity are defined and measured, something this publication addresses."

NFCSP; National Family Caregiver Support Program; see NFCSA; Funds for NFCSP are earmarked to provide five different category of services:

• Information about services
• Assistance with access to services
• Individual counseling, organization of support groups, and caregiver training
• Respite Care
• Supplemental Services, on a limited basis

States and area agencies have the flexibility to determine the funding allocated to these services. The category of supplemental services is designed to be on a limited basis. As a result, no more than twenty percent of the federal funding should be dedicated to this category.

Nursing Home Abuse - Abuse and fraud in nursing homes and licensed board and care facilities are to be referred to the Ombudsman Program. All other abuse should be referred to the Elder Abuse Hotline.

Nutrition Program - the following programs make up the "Nutrition Program" (i.e. Nutrition Services): Congregate Meals; Home Delivered Meals; Telephone Reassurance; Dietary Administrative Support Services (DASS); Effective Nutritional Health Assessment and Network of Care for the Elderly (ENHANCE).
For more information: Common terms | Program Info | FAQs | Links: ( Reference | External )

Nutritional Screening - evaluate or test in regards to nutrition. When you are screened and evaluated by a registered dietitian they will make recommendations on nutrition and diet to you. These recommendations are based on guidelines that are created by the top nutritionists in our country and are updated frequently. By law, the new guidelines MUST be re-published every five years.

Nutrition Site - A site that serves no Congregate meals to those in need.

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OAA – Older American Act. Reference information:

• About the Older Americans Act; http://www.aoa.gov/about/legbudg/oaa/legbudg_oaa.asp;

Older American – An Older American is defined as anyone who is a citizen of the United States of America and at least 55 years of age or older.

• http://www.aging.ca.gov/aboutcda/older_ca_act.html; Mello-Granlund Older Californians Act - Chapter Index with code numbers.

Ombudsman Program - Ombudsman services are free and confidential. Contact your local LTC Ombudsman Program for the following resident services: Questions or concerns about quality of care; Questions or concerns about financial abuse; Suspected physical, mental or emotional abuse of residents; Witnessing services for Advance Health Care Directives; Requesting an Ombudsman to attend a resident care plan meeting; Requesting an Ombudsman to attend a resident or family council meeting. For more information:
Common terms | Program Info | Fact Sheet | FAQs | Links: ( Reference | External )

OSLTCO – Office of the State Long-Term Care Ombudsman - The Office of the State Long-Term Care Ombudsman (OSLTCO) develops policy and provides oversight to the local Long-Term Care Ombudsman Programs. OSLTCO staff confer with State licensing agencies regarding difficult cases, meet with the California Department of Aging Staff Counsels to clarify laws and develop plans for implementing them, define program roles, and provide ongoing statewide Ombudsman training.

Older Worker Programs see Title V: Senior Community Service Employment Program (SCSEP)

Out-of-Home Care - any place, institution, home or facility where a person lives that is not the home they grew up in or lived prior to being moved to the facility. Both Nursing homes and Assisted Living Facilities are examples of Out-of-Home Care types of facilities. Out-of-Home Care facilities provide around the clock care for those in need.

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Patients' Rights Advocate - Investigate and resolve complaints received from mental health recipients regarding violations or abuse of rights in licensed health or community care facilities. Advocate for mental health recipients who are unable or afraid to register a complaint. Represent client during the dispute resolution process. Assist clients with problems in the health care system related to licensed board and care facilities, mental health clinics and psychiatric hospitals.

Personal Care - This Home Based Care service assists clients with Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) including but not limited to bathing, dressing, grooming, feeding and toileting.

Physical Abuse: the intentional use of physical force causing pain or bodily harm.

Private Arbitration - whereby two parties come to an agreement outside of the court system. Once they agree, the decision is normally binding. In most cases "binding" means that the arbitrator's decision (award) is final and there will not be a trial or an appeal of the decision. This is in contrast to Judicial Arbitration, where an arbitrator decides the award.

Psychological Abuse - The intentional infliction of mental anguish/suffering by use of threat, intimidation, humiliation, or other abusive conduct.

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Rapid Response - WorkSource related program. The Rapid Response program helps workers who are laid off find new jobs and get training for new careers.

Rapid Response Weekend on Call - Provides for rapid response service for AAA clients whose regular caregiver or caretaker becomes unavailable on short notice, as long as the request from the client is received during regular week day hours, 8 a.m. - 4 p.m. on Saturday and Sunday. Does not include payment for the in-home worker.

Reassessment - To appraise or evaluate again.

Reasonable suspicion: An objectively reasonable suspicion of abuse that a person should entertain, based upon the facts, and drawing upon the person's training and experience.

Reconciliation - The process whereby differences of parties are identified and a workable plan to overcome these differences is derived. Over time the parties differences are minimized, removed, and diminished so that both parties can agree. The parties reestablish cordial relations and the relationship is allowed to improve.

Reference - Any term that is used in reference to that program or service is considered a common term for that program or service. When you see the phrases, Reference it will appear next to the name of a program or service. If you select this link, you will see Reference links and information for that specific program or service.

Registered Dietitian - A person who is a certified expert in nutrition or dietetics.

Registry Services - This Home Based Service includes the recruitment, screening and referral of in-home workers.

Respite, sometimes referred to as Respite Care, or Respite Services - Permits caregivers to have a break from daily care giving needs by placing a professional caregiver in the home of the care-receiver while the caregiver goes out for a while. It is a State option to allow direct payments, e.g. cash or vouchers, to family caregivers for the purchase of services provided through the National Family Caregiver Support Program.

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Self Neglect - A person's failure to provide himself or herself with the necessities of life, such as food, clothing, shelter, adequate medication, and reasonable financial management.

Senior Centers - There are 10 community centers and 4 senior centers operated by Community & Senior Services in and around Los Angeles County. See the Community & Senior Centers main page for more information.
Common terms | Centers Main page | FAQs | Links: ( Reference | External )

Senior Citizen - is defined in one dictionary as "an elderly person, especially one who is retired. See seniors for definition as it pertains to programs and services for Senior Citizens who reside in Los Angeles County.

Seniors – is defined in one dictionary as, "of the greater age; older". For an 'official' definition, search for the Senior Companion Program on the California Department of Aging website.

SCSEP - Title V – The Senior Community Service Employment Program (SCSEP) was established under Title V of the Older Americans Act (OAA). While the SCSEP is authorized by the OAA, it is administered by the U.S. Department of Labor. Program provides part-time employment (and training opportunities) for low-income adults age 55 and older.

SUA - State Units on Aging are funded through Title III of the OAA and Indian Tribal Organizations who have an approved application through Title VI of the OAA.

SOC 341: The number of the "Report of Suspected Dependent Adult/Elder Abuse" form, which was developed, as required by law, by the California Department of Social Services, for use by mandated reporters to provide the required written report of suspected abuse. A report of a known or suspected instance of elder or dependent adult abuse shall include the name of the person making the report, the name and age of the elder or dependent adult, the present location of the elder or dependent adult, the names and addresses of family members or any other person responsible for the elder or dependent adult's care. If known, the nature and extent of the elder or dependent adult's condition, the date of the incident, and any other information, including information that led that person to suspect elder or dependent adult abuse, requested by the agency receiving the report.

Supervision Respite (also Companion Care) This Home Based Care service provides companion care and/or protective supervision of frail elderly in the home while the family caregiver is temporarily absent.

Support Groups - A group of three to twelve caregivers led by a competent facilitator, having the purpose of providing the caregivers with a forum to exchange "histories," information, encouragement, hope and support.

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Traditional Legal Assistance Program - The Traditional Legal Assistance Program provides legal representation by a member of the California State Bar or a non-attorney supervised by a member of the California State Bar to individuals 60 years or older with economic or social needs. Services include legal representation, consultation at certain senior center sites, home consultations with homebound, and monthly community legal education seminars at designated sites. For more information:
Common terms | Program Info | Fact Sheet | FAQs | Links: ( Reference | External )

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URL - Abbreviation for Uniform Resource Locator formally referred to as Universal Resource Locator. URL is a technical term for the link to a page of a website, also called the page address or website address.

USDA - The United States Department of Agriculture ( http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usdahome/); Their Mission statement, "We provide leadership on food, agriculture, natural resources, and related issues based on sound public policy, the best available science, and efficient management."

U.S. DoL - The United States Department of Labor ( http://www.dol.gov); The official United States Department of Labor website.

• ETA - Employment & Training Administration ( http://www.doleta.gov/etainfo); "The Employment and Training Administration (ETA) administers federal government job training and worker dislocation programs, federal grants to states for public employment service programs, and unemployment insurance benefits. These services are primarily provided through state and local workforce development systems." - the U.S. DOLETA website
• Youth Services - United States Department of Labor - Youth Services ( http://www.doleta.gov/youth_services); "To prepare youth for the 21st century workforce, the Employment and Training Administration, Office of Workforce Investment, Division of Youth Services coordinates youth workforce development investments."

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Workforce Investment Act of 1998 - This federal law was passed August 7, 1998 in an attempt to get private businesses to partner with the local government agencies that provide Workforce Development Services. The law replaced the Job Training Partnership Act and some other Federal job programs.

• Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (Wikipedia); http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workforce_Investment_Act_of_1998; Wikipedia on the Workforce Investment Act of 1998

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Youth Services - see United States Department of Labor; Employment & Training Administration; Youth Services above.

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Icons & Graphics (uses and meanings)

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